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(詳細はpregnancy and childbirth care provider. Traditional birth attendants provide the majority of primary maternity care in many developing countries, and may function within specific communities in developed countries. Traditional midwives provide basic health care, support and advice during and after pregnancy and childbirth, based primarily on experience and knowledge acquired informally through the traditions and practices of the communities where they originated.〔World Health Organization. 2010. ''Classifying health workers''. Geneva, WHO.〕 They usually work in rural, remote and other medically underserved areas. TBAs may not receive formal education and training in health care provision, and there are no specific professional requisites such as certification or licensure. A traditional birth attendant may have been formally educated and has chosen to not register. 〔(''Occupational licensing of a credence good: the regulation of midwifery'' ), accessed 3 March 2011.〕 They often learn their trade through apprenticeship or are self-taught; in many communities one of the criteria for being accepted as a TBA by clients is experience as a mother. Many traditional midwives are also herbalists, or other traditional healers. They may or may not be integrated in the formal health care system. They sometimes serve as a bridge between the community and the formal health system, and may accompany women to health facilities for delivery. ==Training and focus of work== Traditional birth attendants are often older women, respected in their communities. They consider themselves as private health care practitioners who respond to requests for service. The focus of their work is to assist women during delivery and immediately post-partum. Frequently their assistance includes helping with household chores.〔United Nations Population Fund. 1996. ''Evaluation Findings: Support to traditional birth attendants'' http://www.unfpa.org/monitoring/pdf/n-issue7.pdf〕 TBAs may not have any formal training on how to attend pregnant women. Many are highly experienced in well woman care including how to recognize and respond appropriately to complications of pregnancy. Due to the lack of education in some TBAs, the way many attended the delivery was risky for women and their babies, leading to poor health outcomes and even death.〔(World Vision: ''Ethiopia: Trained traditional birth attendants easing delivery'' ), accessed 3 March 2011.〕 It is being increasingly recognized that TBAs may have a role to play in improving health outcomes in developing countries because of their access to communities and the relationships they share with women in local communities, especially if women are unable to access skilled care.〔(Maternal Health Task Force: ''Hamlin Fistula Hospital'' ), MHTF blog, accessed 3 March 2011.〕 Some countries, training institutes and non-governmental agencies are initiating efforts to train TBAs in basic and emergency obstetric care, family planning, and other maternal health topics, in order to enhance the links between modern health care services and the community, and to improve the chances for better health outcomes among mothers and babies.〔〔(World Health Organization: ''Addressing Emergency Obstetric Care and Sexual Gender Based Violence (SGBV) in Central African Republic'' ), accessed 3 March 2011.〕〔(African Resources: ''Traditional Birth Attendants'' ), accessed 3 March 2011.〕 There are some findings that targeted interventions for training TBAs can lead to reduced perinatal mortality.〔MacArthur C. 2009. ''Traditional birth attendant training for improving health behaviours and pregnancy outcomes.'' The WHO Reproductive Health Library; Geneva: World Health Organization http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/antenatal_care/general/cmacom/en/index.html〕 However, there is little evidence of largescale effectiveness of such programmes, as they are rarely integrated within a general strategy for improving maternal and child care.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「traditional birth attendant」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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